Risk assessments in the workplace

Keeping your workplace safe isn’t just good business—it’s a legal obligation. Under Australian Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws, employers must assess and manage risks to protect everyone on the premises. Failure to do so can result in serious consequences, including substantial fines or even imprisonment.

In this guide, we'll cover the importance of risk assessments, how to conduct them effectively, and how to use a Risk Asessment Matrix to evaluate hazards.

What is a risk assessment?

A risk assessment is a systematic process used to identify, evaluate, and control potential hazards in the workplace. It involves examining all aspects of work to pinpoint what could cause harm to your staff, visitors, or anyone else affected by your business operations.

By assessing these risks, business owners can implement measures to minimise or eliminate them, ensuring a safer working environment.

Why are risk assessments important?

Risk assessments are essential for identifying potential hazards and introducing measures to mitigate them. This proactive approach helps prevent accidents, injuries, and illnesses, while also boosting morale and productivity by fostering a safety-first culture.

But beyond safety, risk assessments are a legal obligation under Australian law.

Legal requirements in Australia

Under the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act and its regulations, Australian employers must:

• Identify hazards

• Assess the risks associated with those hazards

• Implement control measures to eliminate or minimise risks

Non-compliance can result in serious penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Regular and thorough risk assessments are key to staying compliant.

Understanding Hazards vs. Risks

Hazard definition

Anything with the potential to cause harm (e.g. chemicals, electricity, working at heights)

Risk definition

The likelihood that the hazard will cause harm, combined with the severity of the consequences

Recognising this distinction is vital for effective risk management.

Examples of common workplace hazards

• Physical: Slippery floors, exposed wiring, heavy machinery

• Chemical: Cleaning agents, industrial solvents

• Biological: Viruses, bacteria, mould

• Ergonomic: Poor workstation setup, repetitive tasks

• Psychosocial: Stress, bullying, workplace violence

Introducing the Risk Asessment Matrix: A key tool for Australian businesses

A Risk Matrix is a visual tool used to evaluate and prioritise risks based on two key factors:

1. Likelihood – How probable is it that the hazard will occur?

2. Consequence – What would be the severity of the outcome if it did?

How a Risk Matrix works:

A typical Risk Matrix is a grid with likelihood on one axis and consequence on the other. Each risk is plotted on the grid to determine its overall rating — usually categorised as Low, Medium, High, or Extreme.

Why use a Risk Matrix:

• Helps prioritise which risks need immediate attention

• Provides a clear, visual representation of risk levels

• Supports compliance with WHS regulations

• Facilitates better decision-making and resource allocation

Best practices for using a Risk Matrix:

• Use consistent criteria for likelihood and consequence

• Review and update the matrix regularly

• Train staff on how to interpret and apply it

• Integrate it into your broader risk management strategy

Who is responsible for risk assessments?

The primary responsibility lies with the business owner, but it can be delegated to competent team members such as health & safety officers or managers. They must have the necessary skills and knowledge to identify hazards and assess risks effectively.

Best practices for conducting risk assessments

Implementing Control Measures:

Once hazards are identified, apply control measures such as:

• Engineering controls

• Administrative controls

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Using health & safety management software with real-time reporting can help reduce hazards and prevent accidents.

Documentation and record keeping:

Keep detailed records of:

• Identified hazards

• Risk ratings (using the Risk Matrix)

• Control measures

• Incidents and reviews

This supports compliance and provides valuable data for future assessments.

Training and communication:

Ensure all employees:

• Understand the risks related to their roles

• Know the control measures in place

• Receive regular training

Use CPD-accredited online training and mobile apps to keep staff informed with instant notifications.

Get Help with Your Risk Assessments with BrightHR

Now that you're familiar with the risk management process, you know that conducting regular risk assessments is essential for maintaining a safe and compliant workplace.

BrightHR’s BrightSafe platform offers:

• 80+ risk e-learning courses

• Real-time hazard reporting

• 24/7 advice helpline

• Mobile app for on-the-go safety management

Call us on 1300 029 198 or book a free product demo to see how BrightSafe can support your business.